The Papal Household or Pontifical Household (Domus Pontificalis), called until 1968 the Papal Court (Pontificalis Aula), consists of dignitaries who assist the Pope in carrying out particular ceremonies of either a religious or a civil character.

It is organised into two bodies: the Papal Chapel (Cappella Pontificia), which assists the pope in his functions as spiritual head of the church, especially in religious ceremonies; and the Papal Family or Household (Familia Pontificia), which assists him as head of a juridical body with civil functions.

From the Catholic Who’s Who 1908;  Cam. Seg., Cameriere Segreto:  the title of Chamberlains of the Camera Segreta, or private apartments of the papal palace.

Papal chamberlain was prior to 1968, a court title given by the Pope to high-ranking clergy (Cameriere Segreti Sopranumerario), as well as lay-persons, usually members of prominent Italian noble families. They were members of the Papal Court and it was one of the highest honours that could be bestowed on a Catholic layman by the Pope. Known as Chamberlain of the Sword and Cape (Cameriere Segreti di spada e cappa) when conferred to lay-persons, it was mostly an honorary position, but a chamberlain generally served the Pope for at least one week per year during official liturgical or state ceremonies. The office was abolished by Pope Paul VI and replaced with the designation Gentleman of His Holiness for lay-persons and other designations for clergy.

Many came from families that had long served the Papal Court over the course of several centuries, while others were appointed as a high honour, one of the highest the Papacy conferred on Catholic lay-men. They were originally selected from members of Italian royal and aristocratic families. The position was much coveted, and for priests, it was often the final step before becoming a cardinal.

From the days of Pope Leo I (440-461) the pontifical household had included papal chamberlains who were personal attendants on the Pope in his private apartments. The number of papal chamberlains was never large, and their proximity to the Pope meant that many chamberlains would enjoy notable ecclesiastical careers. Their privileges were considerable. They ranked ex officio as Knights of the Golden Spur (Order of the Golden Militia) and nobles of Rome and Avignon. Prior to Vatican II, they provided personal assistance to the Pope on formal state occasions as members of the Papal Court. The dignity was often given to members of noble families of Italy and other countries. They were required, or in practice entitled, to serve for at least one week per year during official ceremonies, and took part in Papal processions behind the Sedia Gestatoria, each wearing formal court dress and distinguished by a golden chain of office. Traditionally, priests who were Papal Chamberlains were addressed as “Very Reverend”.  This clerical rank has been superseded by the current designation “Chaplain of His Holiness” which confers the title reverend monsignor.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_household

Piers Butler, 8th Earl of Ormond and 1st Earl of Ossory (c. 1467 – 26 August 1539), also known as (Irish Piers Ruadh) Red Piers, was from the Polestown branch of the Butler family of Ireland.

During the prolonged absence from Ireland of the earls, his father Sir James Butler (d.1487) had laid claim to the Ormond land and titles. This had precipitated a crisis in the Ormond succession when the seventh earl later died without a male heir. On 20 March 1489, King Henry VII appointed him High Sheriff of County Kilkenny. He wasknighted prior to September 1497. The following year (1498) he seized Kilkenny Castle and with his wife, Margaret FitzGerald (d.1542), the dynamic daughter of the earl of Kildare, probably improved the living accommodation there.

On 28 February 1498 he received a pardon for crimes committed in Ireland, including the murder of James Ormonde, heir to the 7th Earl. He was also made Senechal of the Liberty of Tipperary on 21 June 1505, succeeding his distant relation, James Butler, 9th Baron Dunboyne. On the death of Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormonde on 3 August 1515, Piers Butler became the 8th Earl of Ormond. On 6 March 1522, the King appointed him Chief Governor of Ireland as Lord Deputy; he held this office until 13 May 1524 when he became Lord Treasurer.

Loss of title[edit]

One of the heirs general to the Ormond inheritance was Thomas Boleyn, whose mother was a Butler. Boleyn was the father of Anne, whose star was rising at the court of King Henry VIII of England. As the king wanted the titles of Ormond and Wiltshire for Thomas Boleyn, he induced Butler and his coheirs to resign their claims on 18 February 1528. Aided by the king’s Chancellor, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, Butler was granted the earldom of Ossory.

Restoration of title[edit]

On 22 February 1538, the earldom of Ormond was restored to him. He died on 26 August 1539 and was buried in St Canice’s Cathedral, Kilkenny city

Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond, P.C. (died 3 August 1515) was the youngest son of James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond. He was attainted, but restored by Henry VII‘ s first Parliament in November 1485, and the statutes made at Westminster, by Edward IV, which declared him and his brothers traitors, were abrogated.

Thomas Butler was the third son of James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond, by his first wife, Joan de Beauchamp (d. 3 or 5 August 1430). He had two elder brothers, James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormond, and John Butler, 6th Earl of Ormond, as well as two sisters, Elizabeth Butler, who married John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury, and Anne Butler (d. 4 January 1435), who was contracted to marry Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Desmond, although the marriage appears not to have taken place. ^[3]

Career[edit]

Thomas Butler, as an Irish peer, should only have sat in the Irish Parliament. However, as a personal friend of Henry VII he was summoned to the English Parliament in November 1488 as “Thomas Ormond de Rochford chevaler“. At this time he was already 8th Earl of Carrick and 7th Earl of Ormond,^[4] having succeeded his elder brothers James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormond and John Butler, 6th Earl of Ormond, neither of whom left legitimate issue.

He was afterwards sworn of the Privy Council of England.

He was known as The Wool Earl, due to his enormous wealth. Besides being in the possession of major lands in the Irish counties ofKilkenny and Tipperary, he owned 72 manors in England, making him one of the richest subjects in the realm.^[5]

In 1509, he was appointed Lord Chamberlain to Catherine of Aragon.^[6] He held this post until 1512.

Ormond died 3 August 1515, and was buried in the Mercers’ Chapel St Thomas of Acre, London.^[7] At his death the barony supposedly created in 1488 fell into abeyance.

Marriages and issue[edit]

He married firstly Anne Hankford (c.1431-1485), daughter and co-heiress of Sir Richard II Hankford (c.1397-1431) of Annery, Monkleigh, Devon, jure uxoris feudal baron of Bampton^[8] (grandson of Sir William Hankford (c.1350-1423), Chief Justice of the King’s Bench) by his 2nd wife Anne Montagu (d.1457), a daughter of John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (c.1350-1400).^[9] By Anne Hankford he had two daughters who inherited the Butler estates in England:

• Anne Butler (d. 5 June 1532), heiress through her mother of Annery,^[10] who married firstly Ambrose Cressacre, esquire, by whom she had no issue, and secondly Sir James St Leger (d.1509), by whom she had two sons, Sir George St Leger, and James St Leger.^[11]

• Lady Margaret Butler (d. before 20 March 1540), who married Sir William Boleyn, by whom she had six sons and five daughters, including Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, father of Anne Boleyn, second wife of King Henry VIII.^[12]

He married secondly Lora Berkeley (d.1501), widow successively of John Blount, 3rd Baron Mountjoy, and Sir Thomas Montgomery (d. 2 January 1495) of Faulkbourne, Essex, and daughter of Edward Berkeley (d. March 1506) of Beverston Castle, Gloucestershire, by Christian Holt (d.1468), second daughter and coheir of Richard Holt, esquire. By her first marriage to Lord Mountjoy, Lora Berkeley had two sons and two daughters.^{[13][14][15][16]}

By his second wife, Lora Berkeley, Ormond had a daughter, Elizabeth Butler^[17] (d.1510).^{[citation needed]}

Lady Margaret Butler (c. 1454 or 1465^[2] – 1539) was an Irish noblewoman, the daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond. She married Sir William Boleyn and through her eldest son Sir Thomas Boleyn, was the paternal grandmother of Anne Boleyn, second wife of King Henry VIII of England, and great-grandmother of Anne and Henry’s daughter, Elizabeth I of England.

Family and marriage[edit]

She was born at Kilkenny Castle in County Kilkenny, Ireland, the daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond and Anne Hankford. Her paternal grandparents were James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond and Joan de Beauchamp. Her maternal grandparents were Sir Richard II Hankford (c.1397-1431) and Anne de Montagu.

She had one younger sister, Anne who married Sir James de St. Leger, by whom she had issue. Anne and Margaret claimed to be co-heiresses of their father and the Earldom of Ormond, but their cousin, Piers Butler, who had physical control of the Irish estates and the backing of the Irish Council, claimed to be the heir through the direct male line. In 1520, the King granted her a pardon for the alienation of Fritwell Manor, Oxfordshire.^[3] The issue wasn’t resolved until 1528, by which time Margaret’s position was good, with the influence of her granddaughter, then betrothed to Henry VIII, and Margaret’s son,Thomas Boleyn‘s, status as King’s adviser.^[4]

In 1465 Margaret married Sir William Boleyn, and in total they had ten children. Her son, the ambitious courtier Sir Thomas Boleyn, became the first Earl of Wiltshire and by his marriage to Elizabeth Howard, the Duke of Norfolk’s daughter, was the father of Anne Boleyn, Queen consort of England. Thus, Margaret was great-grandmother to Queen Elizabeth I of England.

Margaret’s role in the rise and fall of the Boleyn clan is unknown, although there has been much speculation and theorizing.^{[citation needed]}

She was the last of the Boleyns to live in Hever Castle as it was given to Anne of Cleves in 1540 sometime after her death. Margaret’s lands were claimed by her only surviving grandchild, Mary Boleyn. and her husband William Stafford.^[5]

OBITUARY

Page 15, 7th September 1935

DOM BENEDICT KUYPERS, O.S.B.

A paragraph in The Tablet a week ago mentioned Dom Benedict Kuypers, until lately Prior at Ealing, as one of three Benedictine Fathers who were to keep, on Wednesday last, the golden jubilee of their profession. L’Homme propose. Before that day dawned Dom Benedict had been taken from us by death. He had long been in indifferent health, but his end was unexpected. On August 31 he was found dead in bed in his room at Ealing Priory.

Arthur Benedict Kuypers, born in 1868, was a son of the late Mr. Charles Kuypers, of Hampstead, and younger brother to Canon Charles Kuypers, of the diocese of Brentwood. From Downside he went to King’s College, Cambridge, where he took his M.A. degree. At Cambridge, also, he put in a long period of service as a priest, on the staff of Benet House, the Benedictine centre. He was ordained in 1893. Ten years ago he was appointed Prior at Ealing, a post which he relinquished recently on account of persistent ill-health. Dom Benedict had been a member of the Committee of the Catholic Truth Society and on the Council of the R.S.P.C.A. He was a man of many interests, with a great love of music. Of literary work, beyond editing The Book of Cerne, he did but little. A requiem Mass was sung at Ealing on Monday last. The interment took place, on the following day, at Downside.—R.I.P.